The first step involves DNS (Domain Name System) resolution. The browser checks its cache to see if it has recently resolved the IP address for the domain. If not, it queries a DNS server. The DNS server looks up the domain name and returns the corresponding IP address.
With the IP address in hand, the browser establishes a connection to the web server using the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP). This involves a process called the TCP handshake, where the browser and the server agree on how to communicate.
The browser sends an HTTP or HTTPS request to the web server. This request typically includes details such as the desired resource (e.g., the webpage), the browser's capabilities, and other metadata.
The web server receives the request and processes it. This might involve querying databases, executing server-side scripts, or simply retrieving a static file.
The server sends back an HTTP or HTTPS response, which includes the content of the requested resource (e.g., HTML, CSS, JavaScript, images) and other metadata such as content type and status codes.
The browser receives the response and begins to render the webpage. It parses the HTML, downloads additional resources (like CSS, JavaScript, and images), and executes any JavaScript code. The browser constructs the Document Object Model (DOM) and renders the page for the user to see.
If the initial HTML includes references to other resources (like images, CSS files, or JavaScript files), the browser makes additional HTTP or HTTPS requests to retrieve those resources, often in parallel.
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Published By: Krishanu Jadiya
Updated at: 2024-07-31 15:01:19
