Drupal 9 vs Drupal 10: Key Differences and Migration Guide with Examples

Introduction

Drupal is known for its agile technology, providing a powerful content management system (CMS) for developers and businesses worldwide. With Drupal 10's release, notable upgrades have emerged, enhancing performance, user experience, and security. This guide will explore the key differences between Drupal 9 and Drupal 10, along with a step-by-step migration process using examples and code snippets.

Symfony and PHP Upgrades

Drupal 10 introduces the use of Symfony 6 and PHP 8.1, offering long-term performance improvements and enhanced security. The upgrade from Symfony 4 in Drupal 9 brings modern features and better support for your projects.

// Custom module - enum example in PHP 8.1
enum UserRole: string {
 case Admin = 'admin';
 case Editor = 'editor';
 case Viewer = 'viewer';
}

function assignRoleToUser($user) {
 if ($user->isAdmin()) {
 $user->role = UserRole::Admin;
 } else {
 $user->role = UserRole::Viewer;
}
            

CKEditor 5 vs CKEditor 4

Drupal 10 replaces CKEditor 4 with CKEditor 5, offering a more advanced content editing experience. The new editor comes with a better interface, collaborative features, and multiple plugin options.

ckeditor:
Formats:
default:
editor:
toolbar:
- bold
- italic
- link
-blockQuote
            

Olivero and Claro Themes

Drupal 10 introduces the Olivero theme as the default frontend theme and the Claro theme for the admin interface. Both themes are modern, responsive, and designed with accessibility in mind.

// Basic Olivero template override in Drupal 10 -->
{% extends 'layout.html.twig' %}

{% block content %}

{{ title }}

{{ content.body }}

{% endblock %}

Decoupled Architecture Improvements

With better API integration in Drupal 10, decoupling Drupal for use with frontend frameworks like React and Angular is easier and more efficient than in Drupal 9.

// Fetch data from Drupal's JSON: API endpoint in a decoupled React app.
fetch('https://yoursite.com/jsonapi/node/article')
 .then(response => response.json())
 .then(data => {
 console.log(data);
 // Display or manipulate data in your frontend.
 })
 .catch(error => console.error('Error fetching data:', error));
            

Migration Considerations from Drupal 9 to Drupal 10

Upgrading from Drupal 9 to Drupal 10 is straightforward, especially if you keep your modules, themes, and core updated. This section walks you through the essential migration steps.

1. Ensure Hosting Environment Compatibility

Drupal 10 requires PHP 8.1 and Symfony 6. Use Drush to check your PHP version:

drush status | grep "PHP"
            

2. Check for Module and Theme Compatibility

Ensure that all your custom and contributed modules are compatible with Drupal 10 using the Upgrade Status module.

drush en upgrade_status -y
drush upgrade_status:analyze
            

3. Backup Your Site and Database

Before migrating, always back up your site and database to avoid potential issues.

drush sql-dump --result-file=~/db-backup.sql
tar -czvf ~/drupal-site-backup.tar.gz /path-to-your-drupal-site
            

Conclusion

Drupal 10 provides many improvements over Drupal 9, including faster performance, improved security, and a modern, user-friendly interface. With PHP 8.1, Symfony 6, and enhanced theme and API support, Drupal 10 is an excellent choice for both new projects and site upgrades.

Published By: Ibrahim
Updated at: 2024-09-27 16:15:20